
Muhammad[n 1] (Arabic: مُحمّد, pronounced [muħammad];[n 2] c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE)[1] was the founder of Islam.[2] According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.[2][3][4][5] He is viewed as the final prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam, though some modern denominations diverge from this belief.[n 3] Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. Born approximately 570 CE in the Arabian city of Mecca, Muhammad was orphaned at the age of six.[6] He was raised under the care of his paternal uncle Abu Talib and Abu Talib’s wife Fatimah bint Asad.[7] In later years he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When he was 40, Muhammad reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave,[8][9] and receiving his first revelation from God. Three years later, in 610,[10] Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly,[11] proclaiming that “God is One”, that complete “submission” (islām) to God[12] is the right course of action (dīn),[13] and that he was a prophet and messenger of God, similar to the other prophets in Islam.[14][15][16] The followers of Muhammad were initially few in number, and experienced hostility from Meccan polytheists. He sent some of his followers to Abyssinia in 615 to shield them from prosecution, before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina (then known as Yathrib) in 622. This event, the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri Calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina. In December 629, after eight years of intermittent fighting with Meccan tribes, Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca.
Weight | 400 g |
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Dimensions | 21.5 × 14 × 1.65 cm |